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N O . 1 2 0 2 3
One Step Ahead
of Future
Brake Emission
Legislation
Continuous improvements in combustion-based mo-
bility, driven by increasingly stringent exhaust gas regu-
lations, have led to a significant reduction in particulate
matter pollution. Today, the majority of vehicular partic-
ulate matter no longer originates from exhaust gases, but
from other sources such as tire, road and brake abrasion.
Of these, brake abrasion is considered to have the great-
est potential for reduction.
Under the Particle Measurement Program (PMP) of the
United Nations Working Group on Pollution and Energy
(UN-GRPE), a methodology has been developed to de-
scribe the procedure and conditions for measuring brake
particulates and which metrics should be used. Subse-
quently, this methodology, known as the United Nations
Global Technical Regulation (UNGTR) will become the
foundation for future legislation with which vehicle and
AVL is leading the
world in brake
emission measure-
ment systems
brake component manufacturers
will have to comply, in addition
to already existing requirements
for brake development like brak-
ing performance, noise and driv-
ing stability. To support this com-
pliance, there is a need for suitable
testing solutions.
AVL EXPERTISE SETTING THE
STANDARD
As an industry leader, AVL played
a role in the definition of this UN-
GTR and we have developed a so-
lution – AVL Brake Emission Test
Systems – that delivers repeatable
and comparable measurement re-
sults through comprehensive opti-
mization of the entire measurement
chain. This starts with flywheel-free
loading machines, air conditioning
systems, volume flow generation,
and the enclosure of the brake sys-
tems to be measured. It also includes
suitable sampling systems with ap-
propriate sampling probes, measur-
ing devices for particulate mass, par-
ticle number and flow measurement
up to test run automation and eval-
uation. All of which meet the re-
quirements of the GTR. Modular
in design and consisting of self-con-
tained subsystems, it can be tailored
to your precise requirements.
DEEP KNOW-HOW FOR
ACCURATE RESULTS
The success of our solution is based
on a deep understanding of the
physical behavior of the particles
generated during braking process-
es. In addition to cooling the brak-
ing system, the solution’s enclosure
is designed to dissipate the emissions
generated during braking as com-
pletely as possible, without major
particle losses. The transfer lines of
the measuring equipment are built to
minimize particulate losses and sup-
port efficient test rig operation. Air
mass measurement as well as air con-
ditioning with temperature and hu-
midity control complete the system.
Main components
of the AVL system
for measuring brake
abrasion particles.
The iGEM 2 test automation system guides you through
the entire brake test procedure, including pre-test dialog,
test preparation and the test run itself. The test cycle is
run automatically in an unmanned mode.
We have years of experience as a
developer and manufacturer of par-
ticle measurement equipment, and
this allows us to support modern
electrified vehicle development as
well as conventional combustion-
powered vehicles. Brake systems
in electrified powertrains must be
considered as a whole due to their
interfaces and interactions with the
vehicle and the need to recuper-
ate braking energy. The required
consideration of vehicle operating
strategies for optimized emission
behavior and the use of appropri-
ate simulation tools. Fortunately,
when it comes to co-simulation on
the testbed, we can draw on many
years of experience, and our solu-
tions cover all current development
requirements.
In addition to the testing system
AVL also developed the testing
automation tool AVL iGEM 2™
for brake wear testing. This solu-
tion enables the execution of legal-
ly required tests and offers simple
modification options for custom-
er-specific development tasks. The
application’s associated test evalu-
ation and automatic test report-
ing round off this lean, optimized
package. Furthermore, we have
also developed a solution to con-
vert your existing testbed infra-
structure for brake emission tests.
This could help to gain utilization
of existing testbeds with minimum
investment.
In analogy to exhaust gas legisla-
tion, it can be assumed that in the
medium-term braking emissions
will be examined not only on the
basis of component tests on the tes-
tbed, but also in real driving opera-
tion. Here, too, we are already tak-
ing the first development steps, and
will build on our success in exhaust
emission reduction. ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
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