Electrochemical Modeling
of Battery Cells
The electrification of the automotive industry is in full swing. Be it
battery electric, fuel-cell-operated, or hybrid drive systems – they all
need a battery as an energy store or buffer. The battery is the key factor
of fundamental vehicle attributes such as range, charging time, mileage,
safety, and lifetime for all these types of vehicles.
ptimizing these attributes requires more than just good
cells and the right integration into a battery package, it
also requires an operating strategy that unleashes the
full potential of the cells without damaging them.
Classic electrothermal modeling using RC models can
map the voltage properties of cells in broad areas but does
not provide insight into the cell’s inner processes. This
means that it is not possible to predict behavior at limits,
such as during intensive charging/discharging or during
operation in extremely low or high temperatures. In contrast,
electrochemical modeling also allows mapping of the
chemical and physical processes in cells. Non-linear effects
such as intercalation reactions or diffusion processes are
maTTed correctly tLeir imTact on damage can Fe analy^ed,
thereby ensuring safe operation.
Nevertheless, the opinion persists that electrochemical
models are diƾcYlt to Tarameteri^e. -n %:0 '69-7)Ʀ 1 we
Lave imTlemented a gYided worOƽow tLat sYTTorts Ysers
with performing parameterization as quickly and as easily as
possible. In addition, missing input data can be substituted
with suitable data from a material database (empirical values).
A selection of parameterized cell models is also available as
a reference. These models are virtually integrated into the
relevant modules and packs in CRUISE M, for precise mapping
of their electric, thermal, and mechanical constraints. Once an
overall Multiphysics model is available, it completes further
tasks in addition to simulating real operating conditions
for performance evaluation. For example, examining
aging phenomena, calibrating the BMS with SoC and SoH
characteristics by means of virtual Hybrid Pulse Power
Characterization (HPPC) tests, or optimizing fast charging
features.
Sustainable mobility calls for sophisticated batteries.
And developing these batteries requires electrochemical
modeling.ɸ
2024