summer and heating in winter consume a lot of energy. If the
Fattery system were to Fe TacOaged into tLe low ƽoor witLoYt
compromising the energy capacity, the chassis structure can
be designed at low weight and passenger capacity of the bus
can be increased. This would be a USP of the design. However,
geometrical boundaries must be respected. Certain dimensions
sYcL as groYnd clearance and tLe LeigLt oJ tLe steTs or ƽoor in
tLe seating area are defined and cannot Fe cLanged.
Achieving a Market-Leading Position and Ensuring Maximum
Safety
Considering all requirements such as battery cooling, high-
voltage harnesses, battery pack design, packaging, EMC,
etc., %:0 was aFle to install more caTacity into tLe low ƽoor
than currently available on the market. The battery pack was
designed to Fe installed in low ƽoor city FYses solo and
articulated bus) as well as other bus types like low entry or
coach.
With this solution AVL leverages its battery competences
and development skills, which are steered by model-based
systems engineering methodology. In doing so, we are also
addressing one of the most important requirements for all
battery electric vehicles: thermal safety. The battery cell
design, the venting of gases in case of thermal runaway (TR),
the pack design in terms of modularity, the energy density,
and safety requires a multi-skills approach. The battery
management system (BMS) controls the state of health and
safety of the complete battery system. If the cell fails, the
Fattery TacO is set to a saJe state, tLe fire e\LaYst gases
are guided to a safe tailpipe and the thermal propagation is
restricted just to a single pack cell.
Virtually Verified and Scalable to Other Applications
The complete installation and controls are USPs of AVL.
Our battery management is an advantage for other
electric vehicles as well and can easily be tailored to other
aTTlications. *or tLis, we oJJer a JYll verification metLodology
with a focus on virtual development. Our simulation method
also considers various physical side phenomena. This puts
design solutions in place for safe operation and to stop
thermal propagation.
Battery lifetime is considered beyond cell aging behavior as it
includes mechanical and performance degradation. State of
charge (SoC), state of health (SoH), state of failure (SoF) as
well as state of safety (SoS) are calculated based on model
aTTroacLes. *inally, veLicle ƽeet monitoring in tLe cloYd can
Fe Ysed Jor liJetime oTtimi^ation and ƽeet management.
2024